Supreme Court rules transgender Bulent Ersoy to be male

August 4 is the 216th (217th in leap years) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days remaining until the end of the year is 149.

Railways

• August 4, 1871 The construction of the first railway line of the State enterprise Haydarpasa-Izmit is started.
• On August 4, 1895, the Çöğürler-Afyon line (74 km) was opened. The line was purchased on December 31, 1928.
• On August 4, 1903, Bulgarian terrorists detonated railroad tracks with dynamite. The warehouse at Banice station was set on fire, telegraph wires were broken.
• On August 4, 2019, the Istanbul-Izmir highway was commissioned by President Recep Tayyip ERDOÄžAN during a ceremony held in Bursa on August 4.

Olaylar

• 1578 – The battle of Vadi al-Mahazin ends with the decisive victory of the Ottoman Empire and its Moroccan allies against the Portuguese.
• 1683 – Dom Pérignon produces the first champagne.
• 1791 – The Treaty of Sistovi is signed between the Ottoman and Austrian states.
• 1870 – The Red Cross is founded in the United Kingdom.
• 1923 – Rauf Bey (Orbay) leaves the Prime Ministry.
• 1940 – Opening of the Taksim casino. The objective of the casino opened by the municipality of Istanbul was to provide the public with inexpensive entertainment.
• 1944 – Anne Frank is captured by the Nazis. He died in a concentration camp in 1945. The notes he kept hidden later became classics.
• 1950 – TSKB – Industrial Development Bank of Turkey A. Åž. have been established.
• 1958 – A sharp devaluation was made under pressure from the International Monetary Fund. The dollar went from 2 lire to 80 cents to 9 lire.
• 1959 – Hail the size of an egg fell in Istanbul. Injury and property damage have occurred.
• 1976 – King Juan Carlos of Spain pardons 90% of political prisoners.
• 1983 – For the first time in Italy, a Socialist, General Secretary of the Socialist Party, Bettino Craxi, is appointed Prime Minister.
• 1986 – The Supreme Court ruled that Bülent Ersoy, who had a sex change through surgery, was male.
• 1987 – The International Peace Research Institute claimed that Turkey was among the countries selling arms to Iran.
• 1988 – Many barrels were said to have been poisonous on the coasts of Samsun and Sinop.
• 1995 – Operation Storm begins as Croatia begins its offensive against Republika Srpska.
• 2005 – Screenwriter Safa Önal enters the Guinness Book of Records with his 395 screenplays that were filmed.
• 2019 – 10 people were killed and 27 injured in the shooting in Dayton, Ohio, United States.
• 2020 – 2020 Explosions in Beirut: 2 tons of ammonium nitrate exploded in a warehouse in the port of Beirut, capital of Lebanon; 750 people died, 154,000 people were injured. Great damage was done to the city.

births

• 1521-VII. Urbain, 228th Pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1590)
• 1792 – Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (died 1822)
• 1801 – Augustin-Alexandre Dumont, French sculptor (died 1884)
• 1805 – William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician (died 1865)
• 1834 – John Venn, English mathematician (d. 1923)
• 1859 – Knut Hamsun, novelist, playwright, poet and Norwegian Nobel Prize winner (died 1952)
• 1901 – Louis Daniel Armstrong, American jazz trumpeter (died 1971)
• 1912 – Daniel Aaron, American author and scholar (died 2016)
• 1912 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish architect, businessman, diplomat and philanthropist (died 1947)
• 1920 – Helen Thomas, American journalist and reporter (died 2013)
• 1921 – Maurice Richard, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d.2000)
• 1927 – Turgut Uyar, Turkish poet (died 1985)
• 1928 – Gerard Damiano, American porn film director (died 2008)
• 1930 – Ali Sistani, the most important Shiite religious leader in Iraq
• 1932 – Frances E. Allen, American computer scientist (died in 2020)
• 1934 – Dallas Green, former American baseball player, manager and manager (d. 2017)
• 1935 – Carol Arthur, American actress (died in 2020)
• 1940 – Hilmi Özkök, Turkish soldier and 24th Chief of General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces
• 1941 – Zeki Ökten, Turkish director (died in 2009)
• 1942 – Don S. Davis, American actor, painter (died 2008)
• 1943 – Vicente Alberto Álvarez Areces, Spanish politician (died in 2019)
• 1944 – Orhan Gencebay, Turkish musician
• 1952 – Grammy-nominated Celtic folk singer Moya Brennan
• 1953 – Hiroyuki Usui, former Japanese international football player
• 1954 – Anatoly Kinah, a Ukrainian politician
• 1955 – Billy Bob Thornton, American actor, screenwriter, musician
• 1957 – John Wark is a Scottish national football player.
• 1958 – Mary Decker, former American middle distance runner
• 1958 – Silvan Shalom, right-wing Israeli politician and minister
• 1959 – John Gormley, Irish politician
• 1960 – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Spanish politician and Prime Minister
• 1961 – Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States
• 1965 – Dennis Lehane, American writer and screenwriter
• 1965 – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Swedish politician and Prime Minister
• 1965 – Michael Skibbe, German football player and coach
• 1968 – Daniel Dae Kim, American actor
• 1969 – Max Cavalera is a Brazilian singer, guitarist and songwriter.
• 1970 – John August, American screenwriter, director and actor
• 1970 – Ron Lester, American actor (died 2016)
• 1971 – Jeff Gordon, American racing driver
• 1973 – Marcos is a Brazilian international footballer.
• 1974 – Kily González, Argentine national football player
• 1975 – Andy Hallett, American actor and singer (died 2009)
• 1975 – Nikos Liberopoulos, Greek striker
• 1977 – Luís Boa Morte, Portuguese national football player and coach
• 1981 – Marques Houston, American R&B singer and actor
• 1981 – Meghan, American actress and model, member of the British Royal Family
• 1982 – Öykü Gürman, Turkish singer
• 1983 – David Cerrajería, Spanish football player
• 1983 – Greta Gerwig, American actress, director, screenwriter and playwright
• 1984 – Alexis Ruano Delgado, Spanish football player
• 1985 – Robbie Findley, American football player
• 1985 – Mark Milligan, Australian international footballer
• 1987 – Marreese Speights, former American professional basketball player
• 1987 – Jang Keun Suk, South Korean actress, singer and model
• 1987 – Antonio Valencia is an Ecuadorian national football player.
• 1988 – Tom Parker, English musician
• 1989 – Jessica Mauboy, Australian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1990 – Hikmet BalioÄŸlu, Turkish football player
• 1991 – Izet Hajrović, Bosnian national football player
• 1992 – Cole Sprouse, American actor
• 1992 – Dylan Sprouse, American actor
• 1994 – Almila Ada, Turkish actress

Armed

• 1060 – Henry I, King of France from July 20, 1031 until his death on August 4, 1060 (born in 1008)
• 1306 – III. Wenceslas, king of Hungary between 1301 and 1305 and of Bohemia and Poland in 1305 (born in 1289)
• 1345 – Ismail, ruler of the sixteenth Mamluk state of the Bahri dynasty of Turkish origin, who reigned between 1342-1345 (b. 1325)
• 1526 – Juan Sebastián Elcano, Spanish explorer, sailor (born in 1486)
• 1578 – Sebastião I, King of Portugal (born 1554)
• 1639 – Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Mexican writer, actor, lawyer (born 1581)
• 1683 – Turhan Hatice Sultan, 2nd valid sultan of the Ottoman Empire (mother of Mehmet IV) (b. 1627)
• 1875 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish fairy tale writer (born 1805)
• 1892 – Ernestine Rose, American writer (born 1810)
• 1900 – Étienne Lenoir, Belgian engineer (born in 1822)
• 1922 – Enver Pasha, Ottoman soldier and politician (born 1881)
• 1948 – Mileva Marić, Serbian physicist (born 1875)
• 1957 – Talat Artemel, Turkish theater and film artist (born 1901)
• 1977 – Edgar Douglas Adrian, British electrophysiologist (born 1889)
• 1977 – Ernst Bloch, German philosopher (born 1885)
• 1981 – Fazila Åževket Giz, Turkish zoologist (one of Turkey’s first female teachers) (born 1903)
• 1981 – Melvyn Douglas, American actor (born 1901)
• 1991 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and writer (born 1912)
• 1993 – Sabri Berkel, Turkish painter (born in 1907)
• 1997 – Jeanne Calment, oldest person in the world (122 years 164 days) (born 1875)
• 1998 – Yuri Artyuhin, Soviet cosmonaut (born 1930)
• 1999 – Victor Mature, American actor (born 1915)
• 2003 – Frederick Chapman Robbins, American microbiologist and Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine (born 1916)
• 2004 – Baki Tamer, Turkish character, actor of theater, television series and cinema (born in 1924)
• 2005 – Osman Numan Baranus, Turkish poet and writer (born 1930)
• 2007 – Lee Hazlewood, American country singer, songwriter and producer (born 1929)
• 2007 – Samih Rifat, Turkish architect, photographer, translator and writer (born 1945)
• 2008 – Craig Jones, British motorcycle racer (born 1985)
• 2009 – Blake Snyder, American author, screenwriter, consultant and educator (born 1957)
• 2011 – Naoki Matsuda, former Japanese international football player (born 1977)
• 2012 – Metin Erksan, Turkish director (born 1929)
• 2013 – Şêrko Bêkes, contemporary Kurdish poet (born in 1940)
• 2013 – Ahmet Erhan, Turkish poet and writer (born 1958)
• 2013 – Renato Ruggiero, Italian diplomat and former minister (born 1930)
• 2014 – Walter Massey, Canadian actor (born 1928)
• 2015 – Takashi Amano, Japanese photographer, aquarist and writer (born 1954)
• 2016 – Zinaida Sharko is a Russian theater and film actress (born 1929)
• 2017 – Luiz Melodia, Brazilian actor, singer and songwriter (born 1951)
• 2017 – Yavuz Özışık, Turkish pianist and musician (born 1942)
• 2019 – Ernie Bowman, former American professional baseball player (born 1935)
• 2019 – Ivo Lill, Estonian glass artist (born 1953)
• 2020 – Ãœstün Asutay, Turkish actor in theater, cinema and television series (born 1938)
• 2020 – Ebrahim Alkazi, Indian director and educator (born 1925)
• 2020 – Frances E. Allen, American computer scientist (born in 1932)
• 2020 – Sunnam Rajaiah, Indian politician (born 1960)